Video and Sound Production - Exercises
25.04.2024 - 16.05.2024 / Week 1 - Week 4
Siang Huey Yee / 0369549Exercises
OUTLINE
LECTURES
Week 1 Lecture: Module Briefing
- Mr. Martin gave a short briefing towards overall tasks to ensure us slightly have a clue on what tasks we going to complete for this module.
- Mr. Martin asked us to build up four Blogger posts, which include Exercises, Project 1, Project 2 and Final Project for updating our progress and tasks respectively in these four posts for E-portfolio.
- Mr. Martin has asked us to watch stop motion short and share the 3 of our favourites in our blog under Final Project post.
- What is Camera Shot?
- Type of Camera Shot Sizes:
- Extreme Long Shot (ELS) / Extreme Wide Shot (EWS)
- make the subject appear small against their location
- make the subject feel distant or unfamiliar
- make the subject feel overwhelmed by its location
- using EWS when need to emphasise the location or isolation
- Example:
- Long Shot (LS) / Wide Shot (WS)
- if the subject is a person then his or her whole body will be in view, but not filling the shot
- to keep the subject in plain view amidst grander surroundings
- able to see the beautiful background imagery, as well as the onlookers which will make any big moment more cinematic
- gives better idea of the scene setting and how the character fits into the area
- Example:
- Full Shot (FS)
- let the subject fill the frame while keeping emphasis on scenery
- can be used to feature multiple characters in a single shot
- Examples:
- Medium Long Shot (MLS) / Medium Wide Shot (MWS)
- frames the subject roughly the knees up
- splits the difference between a full shot and a medium shot
- Example:
- Cowboy Shot (CS)
- frames the subject from roughly mid-thighs up
- used in Westerns to frame a gunslinger's gun or holster on his hip
- Examples:
- Medium Shot (MS)
- most common camera shots
- frames from roughly the waist up and through the torso
- emphasises more of the subject while keeping the surrounding visible
- often be used as a buffer shot for dialogue scenes that have an important moment later that will be shown in a close-up shot
- Example:
- Medium Close Up (MCU)
- frames the subject from roughly the chest up
- it typically favours the face, but still keeps the subject somewhat distant
- keeps the characters eerily distant even during their face-to-face conversation
- Example:
- Close Up (CU)
- if want to reveal a subject's emotions and reactions
- fills the frame with a part of the subject
- if the subject is a person, it will be often their face
- perfect for important moments
- near enough to register tiny emotions, but not so close that we lose visibility
- Example:
- Extreme Close Up (ECU)
- can fill a frame with the subject
- often shows eyes, mouth and gun triggers
- smaller objects get great detail and are the focal point
- to emphasise a specific feature of the subject
- Examples:
- Establishing Shot
- a shot at the head of a scene that clearly shows the location of the action
- often follows an aerial shot and is used to show where everything will happen
- Example: https://youtu.be/ACN3dw-ywAU?si=OV_2wYVe1px_0Bxv
- What is Camera Shot Framing?
- Types of Camera Shot Framing:
- Single Shot
- can be set and framed in any shot size, just as long as there is only one character featured within the frame
- Example:
- can have an over-the shoulder single ("dirty single") that technically has more than one person in the frame, but the character in the foreground isn't featured
- Example ("Dirty Single"):
- Two Shot
- a camera shot with two characters featured in the frame
- often useful for allowing performances to play out in a single take, which can be especially useful for comedy
- Example:
- Three Shot
- features three characters in the frame
- important in adventure films or any film that has a group of characters, because it is an enormous time drain to shoot 3 singles just to show every character
- Example:
- Over-the-Shoulder Shot (OTS)
- shows the subject from behind the shoulder of another character
- it emulates perspective, common in conversation scenes
- help to provide orientation and connect the characters on an emotional level
- Example:
- Over-The-Hip-Shot (OTH)
- similar to OTS
- camera is placed with a character's hip in the foreground and focus subject in the plane of acceptable focus
- Example:
- Point-of-View Shot (POV)
- shows the viewer exactly what that character sees
- Example: https://youtu.be/Q6Fuxkinhug?si=Smgph5poff_yKKwQ
- What is Camera shot angle?
- Types of Camera Shot Angles:
- Eye Level Shot
- consider most common height
- neutral perspective (not superior or inferior
- mimics how we see people in real life
- Example:
- Low Angle Shot\
- frames the subject from a low camera height looking up at them
- often emphasise power dynamics between characters
- A superior character with the upper hand is often framed from down low which makes an inferior feel like they are looking up to them
- Example:
- High Angle Shot
- camera points down at the subject
- usually creates a feeling of inferiority or "looking down" on the subject
- Example:
- Hip Level Shot
- camera is roughly waist-high
- Example:
- Knee Level Shot
- camera height is about as low as the subject's knees
- can emphasise a character's superiority (if paired with low angle)
- Example:
- Ground Level Shot
- camera's height is on ground level with the subject
- captures what's going on the ground the subject stands on
- Example:
- Shoulder-Level Shot
- camera is roughly as high as the subject's shoulders
- much more standard than an eye level shot
- can make the actor seem shorter than reality
- can maximize the feeling of superiority ehen paired with a low angle
- Example:
- Dutch Angle Shot (dutch tilt)
- camera is slanted to one side
- with the horizon lines tilted in this way, can create a sense of disorientation
- Example: https://youtu.be/R9FUEScjB1U?si=Kke6LZBTFAJnQjjd
- Birds-Eye-View Shot / Overhead Shot
- from way up high, looking down on the subject and a good amount of the scenery surrounding him or her
- create a great sense of scale and movement
- Example:
- Aerial Shot / Helicopter Shot
- a shot from way up high
- establishes a large expanse of scenery
- can use them establish futuristic cityscapes
- Example:
- Composition refers to the way elements of a scene are arranged in a camera frame
- Shot Composition refers to the arrangement of visual elements to convey an intended message
Materials Source Links:
Shot size:
Reading: https://www.studiobinder.com/blog/ultimate-guide-to-camera-shots/#shot-size
Video: https://youtu.be/AyML8xuKfoc?si=_xLVEotEBZG9VQk2
Framing:
Reading: https://www.studiobinder.com/blog/ultimate-guide-to-camera-shots/#camera-framing
Video: https://youtu.be/qQNiqzuXjoM?si=uMiCewr3kG-jVfsm
Camera Angle:
Reading: https://www.studiobinder.com/blog/ultimate-guide-to-camera-shots/#camera-angles
Video: https://youtu.be/wLfZL9PZI9k?si=vr9Crx7oT86yrEbd
Composition:
Video: https://youtu.be/hUmZldt0DTg?si=2WBYvavmbtN9_fnL
Additional Composition:
Week 2 Lecture: Framing & Storyboard
- Mr. Martin has provided some pre-class materials for us to review before the class, and we need to complete a quiz in Google Form on this topic.
- Mr. Martin asked us to separate into groups of two members each, where we help each other film using each other's phones, capturing 8 different shots.
- After that, we were assigned homework where we will edit the 8 different shots into one video, and another video editing exercise using 'Lalin'.
- What is the three-act structure?
- Act One: Setup
- involves introduction of the characters, their story world
- some kind of inciting incident, typically a moment that kickstarts the story for the act concludes with some sort of turning point that launches the action into act two
- usually the first 20-30 minutes of a film
- Act Two: Confrontation or Build
- a story's middle act consists of a rising action that leads to a midpoint, thej devolves into a crisis
- often leads us to the worst possible that can happen to the character
- there are ups, downs, turnarounds to ensure the audience to keep watching
- Act Three: Resolution or Payoff
- the end should bring some kind of catharsis or resolution (regardless if the ending is happy or sad)
- the third act begins with what's known as a pre-climax
- consists of events leading up to a climactic confrontation in which the hero faces a point of no return (wither prevail or perish)
- Three- Act Structure Breakdown
- The Hook
- the opening of the movie
- the main goal is to captivate the audience
- The Inciting Event
- an event that kickstarts the plot of the story
- First Plot Point
- commonly referred as the break into act two
- the first pinch point happens about a quarter of the way throughthe second act
- it's the point of no return (after the characters cross this barrier, they can't go back)
- The Midpoint
- the halfway mark of the movie
- it is a moment that redirects the plot
- Second Pinch Point
- the break into act two or the midpoint
- it's important in setting up the third act
- usually the pinch point is a setback
- the protagonist is really in trouble and the audience is starting to wonder how on earth they'll get out of this
- Third Plot Point
- known as the break into act three
- this plot point segues us into the highest stakes of the story yet
- this moment also reintroduces the final act's primary antagonists
- Climax
- the moment the whole story has been leading up to
- it's the big bang, the final battle, the big kiss
- Resolution
- the story comes to a close
- a moment to catch our breath and see how the journey has permanently affected our characters
Materials Source Links:
Reading:
https://www.studiobinder.com/blog/three-act-structure/
Video:
https://youtu.be/tvqjp1CxxD8?si=sgTSKNpGdkeSKgbq
Reading:
https://www.masterclass.com/articles/how-to-write-three-act-structure
Week 3 Lecture: Project 1 - Audio Dubbing Exercise
- Mr. Martin has provided some pre-class materials for us to review before the class, and we need to complete a quiz in Google Form on this topic.
- We were asked to separate into groups of about six or seven members each to complete the spreadsheet breakdown regarding the selected section of the movie "Everything, Everywhere, All at Once".
- Additionally, we were assigned homework to record the dialogues from "Everything, Everywhere, All at Once" using our mobile phones and to prepare all the required sound effects, such as hard sound effects and ambient sound before next week's class.
Week 3 Asynchronous Class Materials Reflection (Lecture Notes)
1) Storyboard:
- What is a Storyboard?
- can contain as much information as you want
- a tool to help you with the pre-production process, so don't feel completely tied to one storyboard format over another
- Two basics versions of storyboard format:
- Traditional storyboards
- basic pencil sketches that include detailed information like arrows for camera movement, characters, props, etc.
- Thumbnail style storyboards
- don't have writing
- not used as often as detailed ones, but if it's just for you or a small team, writing might not be necessary
- Identify key scenes in the script
- The best starting point is to break up the script or narrative that will be working from
- mark up the key parts of the story by highlighting major beats such as actions, locations, wardrobe, staging, narrative arches, and major plot points
- help to form the frames for the storyboard and figure out how you’ll move from one scene to the next
2. Map out the key scenes
- map out the scenes that identified in the script
- give one a number and a relevant tile so it's easy to link them back to the broader story in the script
3. Add images or sketches
- referred as "Idea Landscaping"
- a place to brainstorm the visual features of each beat within the landscape of a story
4. Describe what happens in each frame
- although each frame is a static image, but try to communicate how it will look and feel as a moving sequence
- describes the style, mood, and behaviour of characters
- Composition and Framing: Decide how characters and objects will be framed within each shot. Use the rule of thirds and other compositional techniques to create visually appealing and balanced frames.
- Transitions: Plan how each shot transitions to the next. Smooth transitions create a cohesive flow, while abrupt changes can be used for dramatic effect.
- Character Blocking: Determine character positions and movements within each shot. Show how they interact with each other and the environment.
- Emotion and Expression: Define a character's facial expressions and body language to capture their emotions and reactions.
- Annotations: Use additional notes or captions for things that can't be easily conveyed in the visuals.
- Dynamic Action: For action scenes, break down fast-paced movements into a sequence of panels to ensure clarity.
5. Share it with your team
- invite your team to review your storyboard and share their feedback
- make adjustment based on everyone's feedback
- can reference it with ease as you prepare for each scene
- can be accessed on phones or laptops by using online storyboards
Materials Source Links:
What is storyboard?
Reading: https://www.studiobinder.com/blog/what-is-a-storyboard/
How to make storyboard
- Mr. Martin has provided some pre-class materials for us to review before the class, and we need to complete a quiz in Google Form on this topic.
- We were asked to complete Project 1 task before 11:59 PM on May 19th
- We were asked to update and complete our Blog before 11:59 PM on May 22nd, following the list provided by Mr. Martin on Microsoft Teams.
Week 4 Asynchronous Class Materials Reflection (Lecture Notes)
1) Production Stages
- Five distinct stages:
- Development
- Development is the spark, where it all begins
- a producer or a screenwriter has an idea and begin yo make that idea into a movie
- usually overseen by a producer, as they are the person who is responsible for getting the initial pieces together - the creatives, the financing, the general schedule, and so on
- Pre-production
- Pre-production is where the rubber hits the road
- refers to all the preparation necessary before filming begins
- three major things that have to happen: Budgeting, Getting the Team Together, Pre-visualizing
- Production
- when the cameras roll and the footage is captured
- moving elements within the production stage: The Call Sheet, The Set Up, Shooting
- Post-production
- refers to all the work that is done after footage is captured to finish the film
- breakdown of the post process: Picture Editing, Sound Editing, Additional Visuals
- Distribution
- many beginning filmmakers tend to be caught off-guard by this process, which is under- discussed and can be costly and time-consuming
- Distribution is a huge umbrella term that encompasses dozens of different tasks and steps
2) Production Crew
- Roles of the Production Team:
- Producer
- this person is essentially the group leader and is responsible for managing the production from start to finish
- develops the project from the initial idea, makes sure the script is finalized, arranges the financing and manages the production team that makes the film
- Director
- primarily responsible for overseeing the shooting and assembly of a film
- Screenwriter
- provide dialogues
- shapes the sequence of events in a film to ensure that one scene transitions to the next so that the story will unfold logically and in an interesting way
- Production Designer
- the first artist to translate the script into visual form
- creates a series of storyboards that serve as the film's first draft
- Art Director
- responsible for the film's settings: the buildings, landscapes and interiors that provide the physical context for the characters
- responsible for acquiring props, decorating sets and making the setting believable
- Costume Designer
- costumes convey a great deal about the film's time period and the characters who wear them, including their economic status, occupation and attitude toward themselves
- Cinematographer
- responsible for capturing the script on film or video
- must pay attention to lighting and the camera's technical capabilities
- Editor
- organize the footage and arranges individual shots into one continuous sequence
- the editor's choices about which shots to use, and the order in which to place them, have a profound effect on the appearance of the final film
- Actors
- responsible for portraying the characters in a film, actors work closely with the director and cinematographer
- Music Supervisor
- responsible for selecting the right music for the film will intensify the story for the audience.
Materials Source Links:
Production Stages:
Reading: https://www.studiobinder.com/blog/stages-of-film-production/
Production Crew:
Reading:
1. Beginner: https://www.govtech.com/education/news/the-roles-of-the-production-team.html
2. Advance: https://www.studiobinder.com/blog/film-crew-positions/
INSTRUCTIONS
Module Information Booklet
EXERCISES
Exercise 1- Editing Exercises
Week 1
During the first week session, we were introduced to Adobe Premiere Pro. Our lecturer, Mr. Martin, guided us through the first editing exercise for "Mints." Then, we were assigned another editing exercise, "Doritos," where we were required to edit and arrange the sequence of the video on our own.
Exercise 01: Mints
Final Outcome:
Exercise 02: Doritos
Final Outcome:
Exercise 2 - Shooting and Editing Exercise
Week 2
Exercise 01: Shooting Practices
Mr. Martin asked us to form groups of two members each, helping each other film using our phones to capture 8 different shots. Later, we were tasked with editing all 8 shots into one video. We were instructed to shoot in landscape mode using our mobile phone's camera and record a 5-second video for each shot.- Close-Up shot
- Frontal MCU (soft background)
- Frontal MS (soft background)
- Extreme Close-Up shot
- Side angle MS (soft background)
- ¾ angling MCU shot (with blurry/soft foreground)
- Low angle Wide shot
- Eye-Level Medium-Wide shot
Exercise 02: Editing Exercise - Lalin
Mr. Martin assigned this exercise as our homework, instructing us to start by watching the original video "Lalin" (https://youtu.be/dSvEKiRB8EY) before proceeding with the exercise. We were required to watch a tutorial video for this editing exercise, following which we would perform our editing on Adobe Premiere Pro using the remake video of "Lalin."
Final Outcome:
Figure 2.2a Editing Exercise - Lalin (https://youtu.be/HjDrvVUE5hA)
Q&A
To check our understanding, answer the questions below twice based on each movie:
- Lalin
- Everything, Everywhere, All at once
- Lalin
1. Which part is act 1, act 2, act 3 respectively? Describe each act with ONE paragraph only.
Act 1: The protagonist, Lalin, is a girl from Thailand. She has decided to study abroad in Japan after the New Year's Party in Grade 12, where she wanted to start her new life in a foreign place where no one knew her. Lalin always wears a face mask, even when she is alone at home. She is a Net Idol, and she always uploads her selfie pictures after editing them with an app called 'Best Face'.
Act 2: Lalin and Nut began chatting very frequently, sometimes even using video calls to communicate. Over time, Lalin grew more comfortable with Nut, but she didn't remove her mask every time they had a video call or in the pictures she sent him. Nut noticed this and asked Lalin about it. Lalin responded that she had allergies, and Nut expressed his hope of seeing her face without the mask.
Act 3: Lalin reads the novel given by Nut and discovers that it recounts her first encounter with Nut when he was judged by others because of his weight and size. She remembers being the one who encouraged Nut to embrace his insecurities. When she finally realizes this, she rushes out the door to find Nut, but unfortunately, Nut has already left.
2. What is the inciting incident in the movie?
Lalin receives messages on social media from a novelist named Nut, who asks for assistance in translating his Thai works into Japanese for publication in Japan. Lalin agrees to help, leading to consistent texting and chatting between them on social media.
3. What is the midpoint scene in the movie?
Nut flew to Japan and wanted to meet Lalin in person, but Lalin hesitated and refused to meet Nut in real life because she lacked confidence in her appearance. She feared that Nut would dislike her after seeing her real face.
4. What is the Climax scene in the movie?
Lalin ran out of the door to chase Nut after she discovered the truth. Unfortunately, Nut had already left. She also finally faced her insecurities and took off her face mask.
5. What is the theme of the movie?
Appearance Anxiety
- Everything, Everywhere, All at once
1. Which part is act 1, act 2, act 3 respectively? Describe each act with ONE paragraph only.
Act 1: Evelyn's family was in chaos, with her husband Waymond wanting to file for divorce and strained relationships with her judgmental father, Gong Gong, and her daughter, Joy. Evelyn went to a meeting with the IRS inspector, where Waymond from the Alphaverse took over Waymond's body. He explained the multiverse to Evelyn and taught her the method of verse-jumping.
Act 2: Evelyn journeys to different parallel universes through verse-jumping to fight Jobu's minions. Along the way, she discovers her untapped potential while confronting Jobu. Additionally, Evelyn gradually resolves her conflicts with her husband during each connection to another universe.
Act 3: Evelyn reconciles with her husband, Waymond, and accepts her daughter Joy's relationship with her girlfriend, Becky. They also resolve the tax issues, indicating their personal growth and resolution.
2. What is the inciting incident in the movie?
When Evelyn encounters Alpha-Waymond, she learns about the multiverse, verse-jumping technology, and the antagonist, Jobu (Alpha-Joy), who poses a threat. Alpha-Waymond also warns her about the dangers she will later discover.
3. What is the midpoint scene in the movie?
Evelyn faces challenges and an existential crisis while confronting Jobu. She has an epiphany when she hears Waymond's plea for kindness, which marks a turning point in her perspective. She decides to fight with empathy, showing her transformation and resolution of the conflict.
4. What is the Climax scene in the movie?
Evelyn embraced empathy and resolved her personal conflicts and confronts Jobu in a final showdown to save the multiverse.
5. What is the theme of the movie?
- The Importance of Family and Finding Fulfillment in life
- Self Discovery and Embracing Insecurities
CLASS ACTIVITY - QUIZ
Week 1
Quiz (in Google Form) - Shot size, camera angle, and composition
Week 2
Quiz (in Google Form) - Three-act story structure
FEEDBACK
Week 1
Mr. Martin has advised us to update our progress for each of the exercises on Blogger which to record our progression for all the exercises.
Week 2
Mr. Martin has asked us to take note of the blurred foreground for the Shooting Exercise, a requirement that many students overlooked. Additionally, he recommended that we zoom in while shooting to achieve a soft background as stated in the requirement.
Week 3
For the questions answered regarding the two movies, Mr. Martin suggested that there is no need for lengthy explanations.
Week 4
Mr. Martin suggested that we use Audio Transitions Effects for smoother transitions between sound effects. This creates a more natural listening experience and prevents any audio from standing out or causing disharmony.
REFLECTION
Throughout these exercises, I found that I have become more familiar with various aspects such as shot sizes, camera framing, angles, composition, the three-act structure, storyboards, production stages, and crew roles. I have learned how to utilize Adobe Premiere Pro for editing and how to shoot videos with different shot sizes. Additionally, I have also learned to identify suitable sound effects for specific scenes. I have tried audio dubbing for the first time, dubbing dialogue from the movie "Everything, Everywhere, All at Once" as part of an assignment for Project 1. I have thoroughly enjoyed this task as it involved many first-time experiences and provided opportunities to learn new knowledge and skills in video and sound production, areas I've been interested in and curious about for some time.































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